Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835. Split two-family homes are also widely available across the outer boroughs, for example in the Flushing area. In the outer boroughs, large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian. In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings.
The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses, townhouses, and tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. The Condé Nast Building (2000) is an important example of green design in American skyscrapers. Early influential examples of the International Style in the United States are 330 West 42nd Street (1931) and the Seagram Building (1958). The Chrysler Building is considered by many historians and architects to be one of New York's finest, with its distinctive ornamentation such as V-shaped lighting inserts capped by a steel spire at the tower's crown. The Art Deco design of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements. The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setback in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early Gothic revival skyscraper with large-scale gothic architectural detail. New York has architecturally significant buildings in a wide range of styles spanning distinct historical and cultural periods. Surrounded mostly by water, the city has amassed one of the largest and most varied collection of skyscrapers in the world. The building form most closely associated with New York City is the skyscraper, which has shifted many commercial and residential districts from low-rise to high-rise. Shown are clear examples of Art Deco and Modern architecture. The Midtown Manhattan skyline at night from the Empire State Building.
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